How has the form and meaning of ‘creative writing’ changed since the so-called Internet Revolution?
Storytelling is as old as humanity itself. Before we could talk, we were drawing pictures on cave walls to tell stories about hunters and beasts. Before we had scientific methods, we used stories to explain the inexplicable and confusing. The printing press would not have caused the mass cultural revolution it did were it not for the deep power of storytelling. With the notions and forms of storytelling changing over time, it was only natural that the advent and mass adoption of the web that stories, as we know them, would change again. Over the course of the DIGC101 ‘New Media Communication’ course, I fabricated and crafted the fictitious online persona of an Australian bush poet. Stace ‘Drover’ Kingsford, as I named him, was battling against new technology and forms of creative writing publication. No longer did he, or does anyone, have to secure publishing deals and the like; blogging services and social networking sites allow for the worldwide distribution of creative forms of writing in a way like never before. Whilst some, such as Stace, struggled with this notion whilst still adopting it, other, non-fictitious personalities such as writer Joey Comeau, adopt and praise the new form in full. Still in its infancy, the online world is changing the way creative writing occurs, yet it still has a long way to go before being comparable to the level of change faced by music or even film. Writers have many new tools at their disposal, yet face an entire new throng of challenges as well. This essay will chronicle, discuss and analyse these new challenges and advantages, as well as examine the cultural and creative ramifications of the change from a one way ‘broadcast’ model of creative writing to a more interactive and direct comment style of storytelling.
Despite the delayed, and perhaps disappointingly sparse, personification of my fictional online bush poet Stace; his blog, social networking interaction and web presence are all still useful to look at when discussing web based creative writing. After struggling with traditionally styled, ‘website looking’ social networking sites such as MySpace, I settled on simply maintaining a blog which ‘Stace’ would update as new poems, prose and general thoughts occurred to him. This can be seen as exemplary of the nature of the web today, as creative artists, from writers (Sandoval 2009) to musicians (angy 2007), leave such sites en masse for easier to navigate and more personal services. It was not long before I realised that there was a reason why MySpace’s popularity has dropped (Arrington 2009), the site was simply too awkward use if someone wanted to create an artistic presence. Finally settling on Google’s ‘blogger’ and a Twitter page, I first went about creating ‘old’ poems which poked fun at the culture difference between old media creativity and new media creativity. Whilst this target for satire is hardly original, it was necessary; if only to establish tone and provide a somewhat believable back story for the character. Furthermore, I wanted to have the ‘old’ poems seem like they were legitimately awkward in an online context in order to show the changing nature of storytelling. The first two poems are clearly meant to be read, as they were written with rhythm and metre in mind, which would be fine if the image of a Bushman at a bar reciting from a piece of paper was still in the popular culture, but it is not. The later, ‘newer’ poetry by Stace is more suited to an online capacity, despite the author’s obvious attempts at fitting into the popular culture, new media zeitgeist by littering the poems with banal Internet and mobile telephony references. Despite the disappointingly half-hearted uptake, on my own behalf, of Stace Kingsford, the process allowed me an insight into the world of the creative writer with digital aspirations. Blogging services are a mandatory, social networking is not what it used to be and just because I have built it, does not mean that they will come.
Whilst Joey Comeau can hardly be considered comparable to ‘famous’ writers with web presences like Neil Gaiman or Terry Pratchett, he still makes a living out of creative writing and storytelling. Perhaps best known for being the writing half of the duo who create, publish and maintain the webcomic ‘A Softer World’, Joey Comeau is also a perfect example of a successful online writer who embodies the new and respects the old. Webcomics, comics designed for, and primarily publish online, have been part of the Internet’s creative circle for many years now, with numerous author’s making a full time living off of their advertising revenue and merchandise sales. Often seen as the culmination of the underground, indie comic movement (Fenty, Houp & Taylor 2004), webcomics can be viewed as a democratising medium for the artists involved, who no longer have to strive for newspaper or graphic novel level of popularity in order to make money. Webcomics indeed, are exemplary of the lofty, perhaps naive, view that the Internet is some great democratising force. Joey Comeau, unique amongst web cartoonists for the generally downbeat, darkly humorous tone of his comics, is also a published writer who relies heavily on new media communication for his fame. Now with published books under his belt, Joey still employs the Internet for his creative output His book, Overqualified, documents his dark and funny cover letters to jobs he has applied for. The book originally appeared as a series of episodic updates on his website, and is now available for purchase worldwide. Comparable, Joey has published many short stories and pieces of creative writing online, for free, and collated them in published, short story collection books. Other work includes an episodic horror novella online, available at no cost. These stories, and Joey Comeau’s attitude to distribution, are uniquely possible solely because of the changing state of creative writing today. Piggybacking off of his webcomic’s popularity, Joey uses the same platform to pursue his main love; semi-long form storytelling. Whilst this is comparable to a musician using their popularity to warrant publishing a novel, that comparison ignored the fact that Joey Comeau’s webcomic ‘A Softer World’ is only popular through electronic word of mouth and utterly minimal advertising. With webcomics being as popular as they are online, it is understandable that artists and writes may use them as a launching point for their careers in general. Furthermore, the episodic nature of these novels published by Joey, honour the timely tradition of gradual storytelling employed by such writers as Charles Dickens before the novel was culturally de rigueur. Magazines are hardly known for publishing chapters of unknown authors in 2009. Thus the beauty of blogging and self publishing becomes apparent. However, it is not all roses; the Internet may have democratised the idea of publishing and reinvigorated episodic, written storytelling, but this model is not without flaws.
The successful Joey Comeau and the amazingly unsuccessful Stace Kingsford rely on having a following because of word of mouth, piggybacking off previous laurels, and simply because their work is good enough to warrant one. This is hardly the only way of getting one’s work out into the greater Internet consciousness; indeed, it has got to be a rather hit and miss manner of doing so considering the vast number of social networking sites available for artist promotion in 2009. Despite my personal grievances with, and unenthusiastic adoption of, MySpace, this does not mean the social networking site is a useless tool for the creative writer in the online sphere. Considering that big name brands believe in using social networking as a legitimate advertising avenue (Scott 2007 pp229-231), it is understandable that creative artists would want to use the services as well. Through first hand research, using Stace, I conclude that Facebook is a decidedly mediocre platform for publishing creative writing. The URLs are too long, the pages are not designed for long pieces of text and the ‘notes’ themselves are all too often lost amongst thousands of other floating around, let alone the shady policies surrounding Facebook and ownership of publications (Finin 2009). However, I also noted during research that Facebook seems like it could not be happier to have your advertising your page on their website, with Facebook’s design team more than happy to have your ad appear to be another friendly suggestion based on your current interests. Whilst this raises ethical questions about advertising online, it also raises possibilities for writers who really feel like advertising is a good source of building a following. Another possibility is to use the piggybacking method based off another’s popularity. Recently, my friend’s and I made a mock holiday, and we advertised it simply by posting a generally humorous message on pages we assumed like minded people would visit. After a week or so, some 500 strangers were ‘attending’ this party. Tackling social networking sites is tricky, which is perhaps why there are so many books devoted to the subject, yet going about them in a tongue in cheek manner is a definite possibility for gaining popularity. On the topic of Facebook’s End User Licence Agreement and the controversy surrounding it, another huge obstacle facing the online interested creative writer is copyright. When a book is published, the copyright is simple enough to understand, yet when a writer publishes or syndicates content between several platforms, problems may arise. A way around this is to only publish on a website directly owned by you, or use services one trusts. Facebook hosts and distributes links efficiently, which would make it a fine alternative for writers who may want to use it for the socialising aspects, yet still wish to promote their work and maintain ownership of it. Nevertheless, relying on Facebook and a blog is still not employing the modern web to its fullest potential for writing purposes.
Traditional social networking sites are certainly useful tools for promotion, yet in terms of art publication and experimentation, they are unquestionably lacking. However, combined social networking and art sites, such as Flickr and YouTube, possess some of the benefits of straight social networking services whilst still allowing for unique, web-based artistic expression. Whilst there are countless people who would be willing to read online stories, their numbers are certainly smaller than the number of people who would watch a 3 minutes video or look at half a dozen photos. Whilst decent photography and filming equipment isn’t possible for everyone, free photo and video editing software is available for anyone who is willing to hunt it out. A handful of small YouTube videos featuring voice over work and several edited photographs featuring creative script or a poem over the top of them are more interesting to the layman than pages of black text on a white screen. This raises questions about the nature of the supposed democratisation of the Internet and the cultural zeitgeist though. In times of yore, not having the money, skill or desire to publish short films would not impact one’s life as a writer, now, this may not be case. Likewise, if people are less likely to simply read text for pleasure on the Internet (Miller & Sumner 2009 p275), this is a problem for writers. Despite this, services and forums specifically for writers, and niche writers, exist all over the Internet and it is not difficult to simply attach a signature promoting one’s blog at the bottom of forum posts unrelated to writing. Services and sites such as Reddit, Digg and Fark allow for uploading of links, such as individual chapters or blog posts, which can only help broaden appeal. Each site has their own particular subculture though, where different rules and social norms exist. Take Reddit, for example, the culture is heavily rooted in Internet memes, self aggrandising and left wing leanings. Stories in a humorous, gonzo, Hunter S. Thompson style of language would be right at home. Learning the cultures and submitting relevant stories to them with interesting tags and headlines would not be too bad an idea for a writer in the online sphere. Tagging and Folksonomy based websites like Delicious and StumbleUpon can be used to extensively tag stories and blog posts in a way to make them findable for more people. So whilst the number of services at hand can seem overwhelming and difficult to learn, a writer can certainly not be for want of free publicity tools.
Creative writing is in the middle of a drastic change, whether or not the change is for good is yet to be seen. The physical, printed word is unequivocally still the more popular medium for creative writing. Yet through researching with my own experiences and noting the practices of those more successful than me, I see that the digital realm is only gaining popularity for writers. A plethora of services are available for the writer’s use and self promotion. The benefits though, are completely balanced by the challenges. Promotion is difficult; writing is a tried and true medium for the printed world; mass digital culture is not entirely aboard the idea that the written word is an entertaining cultural artefact. This final point is particularly troublesome. If Internet users are less willing to simply read text, what does this mean for the future of storytelling?
Works Cited
angy 2007, ‘Myspace gets rolled by Facebook’ on FasterLouder, accessed 27th October 2009, http://www.fasterlouder.com.au/news/international/10972/MySpace-gets-rolled-by-Facebook.htm
Arrington, Michael 2009, ‘MySpace Is in Real Trouble If These Page View Declines Don’t Reverse’, blog post, TechCrunch, May 18, accessed 27th October 2009, http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/05/18/myspace-is-in-real-trouble-if-these-page-view-declines-dont-reverse/
Fenty, Sean, Houp, Trena & Taylor, Laurie 2004, ‘Webcomics: The Influence and Continuation of the Comix Revolution’, in ImageText: Interdisciplinary Comics Studies, vol. 1, no.2, accessed 31st October 2009, http://www.english.ufl.edu/imagetext/archives/v1_2/group/index.shtml
Finin, Tim 2008, ‘Facebook owns your content. All of it. Forever’, blog post, UMBC Ebiquity, February 15, accessed 1st November 2009, http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/blogger/2009/02/15/facebook-owns-your-content-all-of-it-forever/
Miller, Holly & Sumner David 2009, Feature and Magazine Writing, Blackwell Publishing, West Sussex
Sandoval, Greg 2009, ‘Growth of Facebook Leaves MySpace in the dust’ on cnet news, accessed 27th October 2009, http://news.cnet.com/8301-31001_3-10374324-261.html
Scott, David 2007, The New Rules of Marketing and PR, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey